1. Introduction

2. Early Online and Multiplayer Games

　　2.1 Defining Networked and Multiplayer Games

　　2.2 Early Multiplayer Games

　　　　2.2.1 PLATO

　　　　2.2.2 MultiUser Dungeons

　　　　2.2.3 Arcade Games

　　　　2.2.4 Hosted Online Games

　　2.3 Multiplayer Network Games

　　　　2.3.1 DOOM-Networked First-Person Shooters Arrive

　　References

3. Recent Online and Multiplayer Games

　　3.1 Communication Architectures

　　3.2 The Evolution of Online Games

　　　　3.2.1 FPS Games

　　　　3.2.2 Masively Multiplayer Games

　　　　3.2.3 RTS Games

　　　　3.2.4 Sports Games

　　3.3 Summary of Growth of Online Games

　　3.4 The Evolution of Online Game Platforms

　　　　3.4.1 PCs

　　　　3.4.2 Game Consoles

　　　　3.4.3 Handheld Game Consoles

　　　　3.4.4 Summary

　　3.5 Context of Computer Games

　　　　3.5.1 Physical Reality

　　　　3.5.2 Telepresense

　　　　3.5.3 Augmented Reality

　　　　3.5.4 Distributed Virtual Environments

　　References

4. Basic Internet Architecture

　　4.1 IP Networks as seen from the Edge

　　　　4.1.1 Endpoints and Addressing

　　　　4.1.2 Layered Transport Services

　　　　4.1.3 Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast

　　4.2 Connectivity and Routing

　　　　4.2.1 Hierarchy and Aggregation

　　　　4.2.2 Routing Protocols

　　　　4.2.3 Per-hop Packet Transport

　　4.3 Address Management

　　　　4.3.1 Address Delegation and Assignment

　　　　4.3.2 Network Address Translation

　　　　4.3.3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

　　　　4.3.4 Domain Name System

　　Reference

5. Network Latency, Jitter and Loss

　　5.1 The Relevance of Latency, Jitter and Loss

　　5.2 Sources of Latency, Jitter and Loss in the Network

　　　　5.2.1 Propagation Delay and the Laws of Physics

　　　　5.2.2 Serialisation

　　　　5.2.3 Queuing Delays

　　　　5.2.4 Sources of Jitter in the Network

　　　　5.2.5 Sources of Packet Loss in the Network

　　5.3 Network Control of Lag, Jitter and Loss

　　　　5.3.1 Preferential IP Layer Queuing and Scheduling

　　　　5.3.2 Link Layer Support for Packet Prioritisation

　　　　5.3.3 Where to Place and Trust Traffic Classification

　　5.4 Measuring Network Conditions

　　References

6. Latency Compensation Techniques

　　6.1 The Need for Latency Compensation

　　6.2 Prediction

　　　　6.2.1 Player Prediction

　　　　6.2.2 Opponent Prediction

　　　　6.2.3 Prediction Summary

　　6.3 Time Manipulation

　　　　6.3.1 Time Delay

　　　　6.3.2 Time Warp

　　　　6.3.3 Data compression

　　6.4 Visual Tricks

　　6.5 Latency Compensation and Cheating

　　References

7. Playability versus Network Conditions and Cheats

　　7.1 Measuring Player Tolerance for Network Disruptions

　　　　7.1.1 Empirical Research

　　　　7.1.2 Sources of Error and Uncertainty

　　　　7.1.3 Considerations for Creating Artificial Network Conditions

　　7.2 Communication Models, Cheats and Cheat-Mitigation

　　　　7.2.1 Classifying and Naming Methods of Cheating

　　　　7.2.2 Server-side Cheats

　　　　7.2.3 Client-side Cheats

　　　　7.2.4 Network-layer Cheats

　　　　7.2.5 Cheat-mitigation

　　References

8. Broadband Access Networks

　　8.1 What Broadband Access Networks are and why they Matter

　　　　8.1.1 The Role of Broadband Access Networks

　　　　8.1.2 Characteristics of Broadband Access Networks

　　8.2 Access Network Protocols and Standards

　　　　8.2.1 Physical Layer

　　　　8.2.2 Data Linke Layer

　　8.3 Cable Networks

　　8.4 ADSL Networks

　　8.5 Wireless LANs

　　　　8.5.1 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Standards

　　　　8.5.2 Wireless LAN Architectures

　　　　8.5.3 Recent Developments in WLAN Quality of Service

　　8.6 Cellular Networks

　　　　8.6.1 GPRS and EDGE

　　　　8.6.2 3G Networks

　　8.7 Bluetooth Networks

　　8.8 Conclusion

　　References

9. Where Do Players Come from and When?

　　9.1 Measuring Your Own Game Traffic

　　　　9.1.1 Sniffing Packets

　　　　9.1.2 Sniffing With Tcpdump

　　9.2 Hourly and Daily Game-play Trends

　　　　9.2.1 An Example Using Quake III Arena

　　　　9.2.2 An Example Using Wolfenstein Enemy Territory

　　　　9.2.3 Relationship to Latency Tolerance

　　9.3 Server-discovery (Probe Traffic) Trends

　　　　9.3.1 Origins of Probe Traffic

　　　　9.3.2 Probe Traffic Trends

　　9.4 Mapping Traffic to Player Locations

　　　　9.4.1 Mapping IP Addresses to Geographic Location

　　　　9.4.2 Mapping by Latency Tolerance

　　References

10. Online Game Traffic Patterns

　　10.1 Measuring Game Traffic with Timestamping Errors

　　10.2 Sub-second Characteristics

　　　　10.2.1 Ticks, Snapshots and Command Updates

　　　　10.2.2 Controlling Snapshot and Command Rates

　　10.3 Sub-second Packet-size Distributions

　　10.4 Sub-Second Inter-Packet Arrival Times

　　　　10.4.1 Example: Wolfenstein Enemy Territory Snapshots

　　　　10.4.2 Example: Half-life 2 Snapshots and Client Commands

　　10.5 Estimating the Consequences

　　10.6 Simulating Game Traffic

　　　　10.6.1 Examples from Halo 2 and Quake III Arena

　　　　10.6.2 Extrapolating from Measurements with Few Clients

　　References

　　 

11. Future Directions

　　11.1 Untethered

　　　　11.1.1 Characteristics of Wireless Media

　　　　11.1.2 Wireless Network Categorization

　　11.2 Quality of Service

　　　　11.2.1 QoS and IEEE 802.11

　　　　11.2.2 QoS Identification

　　11.3 New Architectures

　　11.4 Cheaters Beware

　　11.5 Augmented Reality

　　11.6 Massively Multiplayer

　　11.7 Pickup and Putdown

　　11.8 Server Browsers

　　References

12. Setting Up Online FPS Game Servers

　　12.1 Considerations for an Online Game Server

　　12.2 Wolfenstein Enemy Territory

　　　　12.2.1 Obtaining the Code

　　　　12.2.2 Installing the Linux Game Server

　　　　12.2.3 Starting the Server

　　　　12.2.4 Starting a LAN Server

　　　　12.2.5 Ports You Need Open on Firewalls

　　　　12.2.6 Dealing with Network Address Translation

　　　　12.2.7 Monitoring and Administration

　　　　12.2.8 Automatic Downloading of Maps and Mods

　　　　12.2.9 Network Performance Configuration

　　　　12.2.10 Running a Windows Server

　　　　12.2.11 Further Reading

　　12.3 Half-Life 2

　　　　12.3.1 Obtaining and Installing the Linux Dedicated Server

　　　　12.3.2 Starting the Server for Public Use

　　　　12.3.3 Starting a LAN-only Server

　　　　12.3.4 Ports You Need Open on Firewalls

　　　　12.3.5 Dealing with Network Address Translation

　　　　12.3.6 Monitoring and Administration

　　　　12.3.7 Network Performance Configuration

　　　　12.3.8 Running a Windows Server

　　　　12.3.9 Further Reading

　　12.4 Configuring FreeBSD’s Linux-compatibility Mode

　　　　12.4.1 Installing the Correct Linux-compatibility Libraries

　　　　12.4.2 Ensuring the Kernel ‘Ticks’ Fast Enough

　　References

13. Conclusion

　　13.1 Networking Fundamentals

　　13.2 Game Technologies and Development

　　13.3 A Note Regarding Online Sources

Networking And Online Games: Understanding And Engineering Multiplayer Internet Games (Grenville Armitage, Mark Claypool, Philip Branch 著)

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